Analysis ofmessage in Pride and Prejudice Novel by Jane Austin

I.          INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background of study

According to Mayer, literature is described as a fiction that consists of carefully arranged words designed to stir the imagination (1990:3). It means that when the authors create a fiction, they stir their imagination and choose every word that they want to write a story, they build their own imagination and write it down as clearly as possible. Even some words will sound strange or too imaginative; it will help the readers understand about the authors’ thought or what they want to say.

In literature, there some literary works that we can read; they are short story, novel, poetry, and drama.. Novel is one of literary works that enable the readers to identify the cases of murder,problems with others which they never know before. One of the advantages of novel is its valuable lesson. Novel is a kind of literary works that often tries to reflect human life by portraying the mental and inner mind of the characters.

1.2 Statement of Problem

What the message in Pride and Prejudice novel by Jane Austin?

1.3    Purpose of Study

To know what the message that want to tell the writer to reader in Pride and Prejudice.

1.4       Significant of Study

It is expected that in the future, the information in this analysis will be regarded as one of the references for the students who have plan to conduct the same analysis. It is also expected that the students can learn more about literary word especially novel.

1.5  Scope and Limitation

The scope of this analysis is only focused on the message that happen in Pride and  Prejudice.

1.6 Definition Key Terms

·         Message a significant political, social, or moral point that is being conveyed by a film, speech, etc.

II.      REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Novel

Kennedy said, “novel is a book-length story in prose, whose author tries to create the sense that, while we read, we experience actual life” (1983:180).

Novel is one of the various literary works. A novel ca reflects human life by portraying the mental and inner mind of the characters. By reading a novel, readers will get much more information about what in the novel and get enjoyment while they read it.

2.2 Kinds of Novel

There are several kinds of novel. Macmillan in his book “English and Western Literature” (1987:953-954) stated that are nine kinds of novel, they are:

2.2.1 Picaresque Novel

This novel views a loose series of episodes recounting the adventures of wanderers and lovable rogues.

2.2.2 Sentimental Novel

The sentimental novel shows a highly emotional tale of romance and tears, such as Richardson Clarissa (1747-1748).

2.2.3 Gothic Novel

The gothic novel tells about the story of mystery and suspense.

2.2.4 Philosophical Novel

This novel tells about the raises profound question about life and human kind.

2.2.5 Psychological Novel

This novel views a story that probes the complexity of the characters’ thinking, behavior, and motivation.

2.2.6 Realistic Novel

The realistic novel focuses objectively on ordinary life.

2.2.7 Naturalistic Novel

Naturalistic novel is a story of characters trapped by overwhelming forces of nature or society.

2.2.8 Social Criticism Novel

This novel stories about the exposes evils in society for the purpose of the correction.

2.2.9 Stream-of-Consciousness Novel

The stream of consciousness novel is a story told through the free-flowing thoughts of the main characters.

2.3 Elements of Novel

                   Novel has some elements, such as: character, characterization, conflict, plot, point of view, theme, and setting.

2.3.1 Character

                             Character is a person exists in a story, play or novel (Macmillan, 1987; 698). Schmidt and Bogarad (2006; 1382) also claimed that the characters are people in the story who have many conflicts.

                             Kenny (1966:28-29) mentioned that characters has two general categories which are simple characters and complex characters. A simple character is a character who less the preparation of human personality in the story. While complex character is the readers can see all sides of the character because this character more lifelike than the simple one.

2.3.2 Characterization

            “Characterization is a personality of the character in a novel, short story, or play; it is also the method that an author uses to reveal this personality” (Macmillan, 1987:613). There are two kinds of characterization they are; direct characterization and indirect characterization. The author directly states fact about the character’s personality in the story, it is called as direct characterization. While, when the author reveals the character indirectly, through the other character’s words or action about that character, it is called as indirect characterization (Macmillan, 1987:40, 47).

2.2.3 Conflict

     According to Macmillan (1987:26, 33) conflict is a struggle between two opposing forces”. He also mentioned that conflict has two kinds, they are: external conflict and internal conflict. External conflict exists when a person struggles against some outside force, such as: another person, nature, society, or fate. Internal conflict is a conflict of person who against self, take place within character.

2.2.4 Plot

     Arp and Johnson stated that plot presents the sequence of incidents or events in a story which is constructed by the authors in order to presents the sequence in the significant order (2006: 103)

In the exposition, the author introduce the story’s character, setting and situation to readers,. The raising action leads up to the climax, the point of the reader’s greatest involvement in the story. The climax usually indicates the way in which the story’s conflict will be solved. The falling action reveals the outcome of the climax and resolution brings the story to a satisfying and logical conclusion.

2.2.5. Point of view

According to Maxmillan (1984:67) point of view is the relationship between story teller and the story. Arp and Johnson said that there are four basic points of point of view, they are: first, Omniscient point of view is told the third person by narrator whose knowledge and prerogatives and an limited. Second, third person limited point of view is told the third person, but from the view point of one character in the story, such point of view characters are filters through whose eyes and minds writers look at the event. The third first point of view is the author disappears into one of the character who tells the story in the first person. The fourth, objective point of view is the narrator disappears into kind of roving camera. With this point of view readers are placed in the position of spectator of the movie or play (2006:228 – 232).

2.2.6. Theme

Macmillan (1987:114,118) said that theme is the generalization of live that written by the author in order to communicate with the readers through a specific story.

2.2.7. Setting

Setting refers to the point in location, times, places, and the environment are taken places in the story (Schmidt and Bogarad, 2006:1381).

There are two types of setting, they are:

·         Neutral Setting

In Neutral Setting, the author has no real the interest in his setting and does not encourage such interest in the reader’s part.

·         Spiritual Setting

This setting means as certain values that embodied in or implied by the physical.

                       

III.   RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research design

Research refers to the researcher plan for the study that includes the method that used, what data that will be gathered, where, how, and from whom in order to answer the problem(Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh,2002:29). In this research the writer use the descriptive qualitative because the researcher try to analyze the novel descriptively that emphasize on the message  ofPride and Prejudice novel.

3.2. Approach

Elliot in Kennedy (1983:1348) stated that there were four approaches in the nature of work of literature.

3.2.1. Objective Approach

The objective approach assumes a story, poem, or play to be individual entity existing on each pages that the readers can read and understand in each own right, without necessarily studying the live of its author.

3.2.2. Mimetic approach

Mimetic approach is the imitation or re-creation of an action that is serious and complete in it therefore, this approach views that a work of literature imitates the world or the civilizations in which the work was produced.

3.2.3. Expressive Approach

Expressive Approach is views the literary work as an expression of the author feeling. Therefore, to study this work, someone has to study the author’s live or the ages in which the work was written or the effect on each readers.

3.2.4. Pragmatic Approach

From this perspective, a literary work is a force that affects people. It stirs certain responses in them, rouses their emotion and argues for ideas that change their mind.

3.3. Research Object

The object of this study is novel that focused on “Pride and Prejudice” novel by Jane Austin.

3.4. Data Collection

In the data collection the writer quotes some dialogues or some paragraphs that refers to the love in “Pride and Prejudice” novel by Jane Austin. The writer applied some following steps, they are;

·           Reading and Understanding”Pride and Prejudice” novel.

·           Choosing and Selecting the Data which deal with the problem will be analyzed.

3.5. Data Analysis

There are some procedures that used by the writer in order to analyze the data, they are:

·           Analyzing the data based on the classification that refers to the love  in the novel of “Pride and Prejudice”.

REFERENCES

Mayer, Michael. 1990. The Bedford Introduction to Literature, second Adition. New York: Bedford Book of Saint Martin’s Press.

Kennedy, X.J. 1983. Literature; An Introduction of fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Boston: little, Brown, and Company.

Maxmillan. 1984. English and Western Literature. New York: Maxillan Publishing company, a division of Maxmillan, Inc.

Arp. R. Thomas and Greg Johnson. 2006. Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense, Ninth Edition. United States: Thomson Wadsworth.

Ary, Donald, Jacobs and Razavieh. 2002. Introduction to research in education. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.

Scmidt, J. z and Carley, R. B. 2006. Legacies; Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction, Third Edition. United States: Thomson Wadsworth.